What phenomenon does hair relaxer aim to achieve?

Hair relaxer is a chemical product designed specifically to straighten curly or wavy hair. The primary goal of using a relaxer is to break down the protein structure in the hair, which allows the natural curls or waves to be loosened and ultimately straighten the hair. This process results in a smoother, sleeker appearance, making it easier to style.

The relaxer works by breaking the disulfide bonds in the hair's cortex, which are responsible for the hair's shape. When these bonds are altered, the natural curl pattern is relaxed, resulting in straighter hair. This makes hair more manageable for individuals who prefer a straight hairstyle.

In contrast to the correct answer, other options highlight effects that contradict the purpose of a hair relaxer. For example, increasing curl tightness, decreasing wave patterns, or enhancing natural curl all suggest a focus on maintaining or amplifying the hair's natural texture, while a relaxer specifically aims to eliminate or simplify that texture for a straightened look.