What is the main ingredient in most hair relaxing products?

The main ingredient in most hair relaxing products is sodium hydroxide. This strong alkaline chemical works by breaking down the hair's internal protein structure through a process called chemical relaxation. Sodium hydroxide effectively alters the hair's texture by opening up the cuticle and allowing the relaxed state to be achieved.

In the context of hair relaxing treatments, sodium hydroxide is often used because it is highly effective at relaxing tightly curled or coiled hair, making it straight and easier to manage. Its potency allows it to chemically break the disulfide bonds in the hair, which are responsible for its natural curl or wave.

While other ingredients like ammonium thioglycolate are also used in relaxing products, particularly for different hair types and conditions, sodium hydroxide remains the standard for many traditional hair relaxers. Understanding the role of sodium hydroxide helps in recognizing how it interacts with the hair and why safety measures must be taken during its application, given its strength and potential for chemical burns if not used correctly.